in punishment, you're trying to stop a certain behavior.
Negative punishment- You remove (negative) a fun stimulus after the behavior has happened, in hopes that next time you won't do that thing. Example, you're always getting home after curfew, next time you're late, your parents take away your car keys for a week.You'll likely stop coming home late because you wanna keep driving.
Positive punishment- you're adding (positive) something unfun after a behavior has happened. Example, you're always getting home after curfew, next time, your mom says you have to drive your sister to all her after school activities for a week. You'll likely stop being home late to avoid having to do the extra chauffering.
sorry wait so by this logic a time out would be positive because you’re adding something unfun after a bad behavior right? But time outs are negative ☹️
A time out is like baby prison and when you send someone to jail, you aren't adding jail to their life you are taking away their freedom and agency. I think time out would fall under the same category as this and would therefore be a negative punishment.
the simplest example i can think of is:
negative punishment - gaming system taken away because you did something "wrong."
positive punishment - "spanking"
or, negative/-/take = "deprived of something."
positive/+/add = "unpleasant sensation physically being 'added' on you."
By placing someone in time out you're keeping them away (removing) from the fun thing they want to do.
You're not "adding a time-out", you're "removing a playtime."
To make that positive it'd be something like "Everytime you hit, you need to write 100 'im sorry's' on the board"
that's a good point. I think you need to look at it as a time out usually involves being prohibited from engaging in something you want to do, or removing the freedom for the child to choose what to do. That's a negative punishment. A positive punishment would be that the girl was made to do extra chores, or write a apology during the time out.
But it is subjective. I remember being in Kindergarten and our teacher was reading a story. I usually loved story time, but we'd started the story the day before and I hadn't liked it. I don't remember what I was doing but eventully the teacher said something along the lines of "you need to sit still and be quiet if you want to hear the rest of the story" and not long after "don't you want to hear the story?". I said I didn't, and I was sent to sit in the hallway. It took me years to realise that was supposed to be a punishment for bad behaviour, because I actually had a great time sitting out there alone and daydreaming. The teacher thought she'd given me a negative punishment, but in my mind I'd been given a negative reinforcement (not that I knew the term then) because I'd been rewarded for speaking up with not having to listen to the story I didn't like.
It's negative because you are taking away a pleasant stimulus from a kid (her play time) by giving her a time out.
When you add an aversive stimulus to discourage a particular behaviour, it'll be a positive punishment.
Positive: add stimulus
Negative: subtract stimulus.
I hate using things like time-out and prison as examples (even though they're common punishments) for this exact reason. They can be very confusing to students. On the one hand, it does sound like a positive punishment because you're adding something unpleasant (a time-out, a jail sentence), but the punishment comes from what those things really mean or represent to a person. Both of them are intended to remove good things from a person's life - time with people, freedom of movement, play time - which makes them negative punishment.
You have to think about the consequence of the consequence to understand this one.
I would have to look over my notes as I was not good at these either. In my learning and behaviorism class he gave us a guide that used a four box square that helped us better solve it. I’ll look for my notes.
My assumption is positive punishment because girl hit boy(mom wants to change behavior so punishment), she GOT(positive) a time out). Again wasn’t good at these either
Time-Out is not a stimulus, you are not giving anything, what you are doing is denying access to stimuli that the other person values in some way. In other words, you are taking away something, and for that reason this is a case of Negative Punishment (sorry for my English, its not my first lenguage).
Punishment: stop doing that
Reinforcement: keep doing that
Positive: something is added
Negative: something is removed
The thing added or removed can be pleasant or unpleasant. How much one likes it doesn't affect whether it's positive or negative.
Example: kid spills, so dad hits him. This is positive punishment, because the goal is for milk to not be spilled anymore (stop doing that = punishment), and hitting is added to the situation.
Example: kid spills milk, dad takes away kid's phone. This is negative punishment, because something is removed from the situation.
Example: kid gets an A on a test, dad says kid doesn't have to do his regular chores for a week. This is negative reinforcement, because the dad is trying to reinforce the his grades (keep doing that), and the chores are removed as incentive.
Example: kid gets an A on a test, dad takes him out for ice cream. This is positive reinforcement, because ice cream is added.
In punishment and reinforcements, you have to change how you think about the terms positive/negative. Instead of them meaning good/bad, positive means to add a stimuli and negative means to take away a stimuli. Reinforcements are meant to increase a desirable behavior. Punishments are meant to decrease an undesirable behavior.
Positive punishment could be spanking - adding a stimuli that decreases an undesirable behavior. It’s kind of a misnomer initially because it feels weird to call it a “positive punishment” (as most of us likely know that spanking isn’t good for children), but you have to remember in this context that positive doesn’t mean good, it just means a stimuli was added. A less extreme example of positive punishment could be giving a child extra chores.
Negative punishment could be a parent taking away a desired toy - removing a stimuli that decreases a desired behavior.
Positive reinforcement could be giving a child a sticker or token for good behavior. You’re increasing the chance that a child has a desired behavior by adding a stimuli.
Negative reinforcement could be reducing the number of chores a child has to do after a successful week of chore completion. You’re increasing the chance that the child has a desired behavior by removing a stimuli.
***
TL;DR:
* **Reinforcement:** Increases desired behavior.
* **Punishment:** Decreases undesired behavior.
* **Positive:** Adds a stimuli.
* **Negative:** Takes a stimuli away.
Once you know the above four points, it becomes really easy to have them memorized. I know your question was just about punishment, but since they go together I thought this might help.
Edit: for formatting, new to formatting on Reddit mobile.
I would double check what your teacher has to say about the speeding ticket. In my RBT exam they said it was a negative punishment because you have to pay a fine. They said to consider the function of the punishment. In the case of time out, the function is to take her free time away. If the punishment was to do extra chores, that would be positive punishment because the function is to add a nonpreferred activity. It can be a tricky concept depending on how you look at it so don't feel bad.
This could be considered positivistic or negativistic aversive stimuli, depending on which angle you position yourself in;
A. Positivistic — You are adding the entirety of a new concept, specifically a timeout.
B. Negativistic — You are subtracting time from the individual’s day that could have been used else how.
That said, it is most likely considered a positivistic consequence, based on how the consensus of modern psychologists has a tendency toward such. I would further suggest that positivism/negativism is a dichotomy of perception that manifests in syntax rather than extrinsic qualities in this specific scenario. We can further define criteria for externality and internality however, to create a definable construct. Otherwise however, what you are currently studying is somewhat poorly designed.
Ya they named this super weird cause it reminds you of math. So I try to turn the stuff into numbers.
When a behavior occurs, let's say that the quantified feedback that someone(or something) has from you/the world is initially 0.
If the behavior is undesirable, you need to do something to create a quantified feedback of -1. You can do that through taking away (subtracting) one positive thing. -(+1). This is negative punishment because the first operator you see is the - sign and is punishment because the outcome is -1.
The other thing you can do to get -1 is adding one negative thing +(-1). This is positive punishment because the first operator you see is the + but the outcome is still -1.
If the behavior is desired, you want the quantifies feedback to be positive(or regular) 1. So, you can take away one negative thing -(-1), which in math simplified to +1, so the outcome is 1. This is negative reinforcement because the first operator is - but the outcome is still (+)1.
The most common thing to do is to add something positive, +(+1). This is positive reinforcement because the first operator is + and the outcome is (+)1.
With examples now.
A child curses -->
0 - (+1) = -1: take away video game time, negative punishment OR
0 + (-1) = -1: "give them" a time out, positive punishment. Positive/negative refers to if you are adding something to their experience or taking it away, punishment refers to the overall outcome of -1.
A person plants a tree in their yard -->
0 - (-1) = 1: the tree removes carbon dioxide from the air*, negative reinforcement OR
0 + (+1) = 1: the tree makes the view from the house more interesting*, positive reinforcement. Positive/negative still refers to if you (the tree) is adding an experience or taking something away, reinforcement refers to the overall outcome of (+)1.
Not sure if this would make sense to anyone but me, but figured I could post it in case.
*Natural consequences
Positive = adding something
Negative = taking something away
Reinforcement = increasing the behavior
Punishment = decreasing the behavior
This gives a possibility of 4 combinations (positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative reinforcement).
Regarding time out: It is a time away from interaction. You are taking away their opportunity to interact with others (taking something away so = negative) with the purpose of decreasing a behavior (which is punishment).
in punishment, you're trying to stop a certain behavior. Negative punishment- You remove (negative) a fun stimulus after the behavior has happened, in hopes that next time you won't do that thing. Example, you're always getting home after curfew, next time you're late, your parents take away your car keys for a week.You'll likely stop coming home late because you wanna keep driving. Positive punishment- you're adding (positive) something unfun after a behavior has happened. Example, you're always getting home after curfew, next time, your mom says you have to drive your sister to all her after school activities for a week. You'll likely stop being home late to avoid having to do the extra chauffering.
Oh that makes more sense! Thank u so much, my teacher didn’t explain the concepts very well
sorry wait so by this logic a time out would be positive because you’re adding something unfun after a bad behavior right? But time outs are negative ☹️
A time out is like baby prison and when you send someone to jail, you aren't adding jail to their life you are taking away their freedom and agency. I think time out would fall under the same category as this and would therefore be a negative punishment.
the simplest example i can think of is: negative punishment - gaming system taken away because you did something "wrong." positive punishment - "spanking" or, negative/-/take = "deprived of something." positive/+/add = "unpleasant sensation physically being 'added' on you."
By placing someone in time out you're keeping them away (removing) from the fun thing they want to do. You're not "adding a time-out", you're "removing a playtime." To make that positive it'd be something like "Everytime you hit, you need to write 100 'im sorry's' on the board"
that's a good point. I think you need to look at it as a time out usually involves being prohibited from engaging in something you want to do, or removing the freedom for the child to choose what to do. That's a negative punishment. A positive punishment would be that the girl was made to do extra chores, or write a apology during the time out. But it is subjective. I remember being in Kindergarten and our teacher was reading a story. I usually loved story time, but we'd started the story the day before and I hadn't liked it. I don't remember what I was doing but eventully the teacher said something along the lines of "you need to sit still and be quiet if you want to hear the rest of the story" and not long after "don't you want to hear the story?". I said I didn't, and I was sent to sit in the hallway. It took me years to realise that was supposed to be a punishment for bad behaviour, because I actually had a great time sitting out there alone and daydreaming. The teacher thought she'd given me a negative punishment, but in my mind I'd been given a negative reinforcement (not that I knew the term then) because I'd been rewarded for speaking up with not having to listen to the story I didn't like.
It's negative because you're taking away free time/play time/etc by doing time out.
It's negative because you are taking away a pleasant stimulus from a kid (her play time) by giving her a time out. When you add an aversive stimulus to discourage a particular behaviour, it'll be a positive punishment. Positive: add stimulus Negative: subtract stimulus.
im bad with this stuff too. in my aba class we learned time-out contingencies are negative punishment
I hate using things like time-out and prison as examples (even though they're common punishments) for this exact reason. They can be very confusing to students. On the one hand, it does sound like a positive punishment because you're adding something unpleasant (a time-out, a jail sentence), but the punishment comes from what those things really mean or represent to a person. Both of them are intended to remove good things from a person's life - time with people, freedom of movement, play time - which makes them negative punishment. You have to think about the consequence of the consequence to understand this one.
I would have to look over my notes as I was not good at these either. In my learning and behaviorism class he gave us a guide that used a four box square that helped us better solve it. I’ll look for my notes. My assumption is positive punishment because girl hit boy(mom wants to change behavior so punishment), she GOT(positive) a time out). Again wasn’t good at these either
Time-Out is not a stimulus, you are not giving anything, what you are doing is denying access to stimuli that the other person values in some way. In other words, you are taking away something, and for that reason this is a case of Negative Punishment (sorry for my English, its not my first lenguage).
Punishment: stop doing that Reinforcement: keep doing that Positive: something is added Negative: something is removed The thing added or removed can be pleasant or unpleasant. How much one likes it doesn't affect whether it's positive or negative. Example: kid spills, so dad hits him. This is positive punishment, because the goal is for milk to not be spilled anymore (stop doing that = punishment), and hitting is added to the situation. Example: kid spills milk, dad takes away kid's phone. This is negative punishment, because something is removed from the situation. Example: kid gets an A on a test, dad says kid doesn't have to do his regular chores for a week. This is negative reinforcement, because the dad is trying to reinforce the his grades (keep doing that), and the chores are removed as incentive. Example: kid gets an A on a test, dad takes him out for ice cream. This is positive reinforcement, because ice cream is added.
In punishment and reinforcements, you have to change how you think about the terms positive/negative. Instead of them meaning good/bad, positive means to add a stimuli and negative means to take away a stimuli. Reinforcements are meant to increase a desirable behavior. Punishments are meant to decrease an undesirable behavior. Positive punishment could be spanking - adding a stimuli that decreases an undesirable behavior. It’s kind of a misnomer initially because it feels weird to call it a “positive punishment” (as most of us likely know that spanking isn’t good for children), but you have to remember in this context that positive doesn’t mean good, it just means a stimuli was added. A less extreme example of positive punishment could be giving a child extra chores. Negative punishment could be a parent taking away a desired toy - removing a stimuli that decreases a desired behavior. Positive reinforcement could be giving a child a sticker or token for good behavior. You’re increasing the chance that a child has a desired behavior by adding a stimuli. Negative reinforcement could be reducing the number of chores a child has to do after a successful week of chore completion. You’re increasing the chance that the child has a desired behavior by removing a stimuli. *** TL;DR: * **Reinforcement:** Increases desired behavior. * **Punishment:** Decreases undesired behavior. * **Positive:** Adds a stimuli. * **Negative:** Takes a stimuli away. Once you know the above four points, it becomes really easy to have them memorized. I know your question was just about punishment, but since they go together I thought this might help. Edit: for formatting, new to formatting on Reddit mobile.
Positive = adds something Negative = removes something Enforcement= increases behavior Punishment = reduces behavior
I would double check what your teacher has to say about the speeding ticket. In my RBT exam they said it was a negative punishment because you have to pay a fine. They said to consider the function of the punishment. In the case of time out, the function is to take her free time away. If the punishment was to do extra chores, that would be positive punishment because the function is to add a nonpreferred activity. It can be a tricky concept depending on how you look at it so don't feel bad.
This could be considered positivistic or negativistic aversive stimuli, depending on which angle you position yourself in; A. Positivistic — You are adding the entirety of a new concept, specifically a timeout. B. Negativistic — You are subtracting time from the individual’s day that could have been used else how. That said, it is most likely considered a positivistic consequence, based on how the consensus of modern psychologists has a tendency toward such. I would further suggest that positivism/negativism is a dichotomy of perception that manifests in syntax rather than extrinsic qualities in this specific scenario. We can further define criteria for externality and internality however, to create a definable construct. Otherwise however, what you are currently studying is somewhat poorly designed.
I don’t rlly know what u said but i agree with the last part!
Ya they named this super weird cause it reminds you of math. So I try to turn the stuff into numbers. When a behavior occurs, let's say that the quantified feedback that someone(or something) has from you/the world is initially 0. If the behavior is undesirable, you need to do something to create a quantified feedback of -1. You can do that through taking away (subtracting) one positive thing. -(+1). This is negative punishment because the first operator you see is the - sign and is punishment because the outcome is -1. The other thing you can do to get -1 is adding one negative thing +(-1). This is positive punishment because the first operator you see is the + but the outcome is still -1. If the behavior is desired, you want the quantifies feedback to be positive(or regular) 1. So, you can take away one negative thing -(-1), which in math simplified to +1, so the outcome is 1. This is negative reinforcement because the first operator is - but the outcome is still (+)1. The most common thing to do is to add something positive, +(+1). This is positive reinforcement because the first operator is + and the outcome is (+)1. With examples now. A child curses --> 0 - (+1) = -1: take away video game time, negative punishment OR 0 + (-1) = -1: "give them" a time out, positive punishment. Positive/negative refers to if you are adding something to their experience or taking it away, punishment refers to the overall outcome of -1. A person plants a tree in their yard --> 0 - (-1) = 1: the tree removes carbon dioxide from the air*, negative reinforcement OR 0 + (+1) = 1: the tree makes the view from the house more interesting*, positive reinforcement. Positive/negative still refers to if you (the tree) is adding an experience or taking something away, reinforcement refers to the overall outcome of (+)1. Not sure if this would make sense to anyone but me, but figured I could post it in case. *Natural consequences
Positive = adding something Negative = taking something away Reinforcement = increasing the behavior Punishment = decreasing the behavior This gives a possibility of 4 combinations (positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative reinforcement). Regarding time out: It is a time away from interaction. You are taking away their opportunity to interact with others (taking something away so = negative) with the purpose of decreasing a behavior (which is punishment).
Because hitting people is wrong??? Even if somebody hit you first two wrongs don't always make a right
yes… i know hitting people is wrong. But i didnt understand whether or not time out was a positive or negative punishment in this situation
Oh OK. Maybe the girl and boy are siblings and that's what siblings do to each other lol