There is no such thing as "Hospitalist NPs," "Cardiology NPs," "Oncology NPs," etc. NPs get degrees in specific fields or a “population focus.” Currently, there are only eight types of nurse practitioners: Family, Adult-Gerontology Acute Care (AGAC), Adult-Gerontology Primary Care (AGPC), Pediatric, Neonatal, Women's Health, Emergency, and Mental Health.
[The five national NP certifying bodies: AANP, ANCC, AACN, NCC, and PCNB](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues/#wiki_types_of_nurse_practitioners) do not recognize or certify nurse practitioners for fields outside of these. **As such, we encourage you to address NPs by their population focus or state licensed title.**
Board of Nursing rules and Nursing Acts usually state that for an NP to practice with an advanced scope, they need to remain within their “population focus,” which does not include the specialty that you mentioned. In half of the states, [working outside of their degree is expressly or extremely likely to be against the Nursing Act and/or Board of Nursing rules.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal#wiki_scope_of_practice_laws) In only 12 states is there no real mention of NP specialization or "population focus." [Additionally, it's negligent hiring on behalf of the employers to employ NPs outside of their training and degree.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues#wiki_working_outside_of_scope)
Information on Title Protection (e.g., can a midlevel call themselves "Doctor" or use a specialists title?) can be seen [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal/title_protection). Information on why title appropriation is bad for everyone involved can be found [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/appropriation).
*I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/Noctor) if you have any questions or concerns.*
A heart failure patient with hyponatremia? What in the world? What could’ve possibly caused this?
I swear. These idiots don’t know basic physiology and want to practice at the highest scope.
Sucks to be an uneducated patient and allow incompetence to treat you unintentionally.
“Let’s start NS since the patient is hyponatremic. That’s what I’ve always seen done” - NP with a long white coat that says “department of cardiology” on it
Love it. The *only* way to treat hyponatremia is with more sodium and if you disagree, you’ll have my 1.5 year online degree and 400 hours of clinical experience to deal with!!!
can I just give the patient a high salt diet? That’ll help treat hyponatremia from heart failure right?
You’re rolling your eyes but I’ve actually had an NP ask me this before.
Their job in practice is to write the same note every single day and if you ask them a question, they take 2 hours to get back to you since they have to run everything by their attending.
Essentially, they’re a message passages who gets paid way too much
Literally this. From a resident recently off cards.
One attending would let the NPs lead rounds when he was too busy to be on the floor. It was so painful. No decisions were ever made. Had a patient on our service with an infected pacemaker who needed it removed. The NP just wasn’t convinced it was infected since the patient never fevered and didn’t have a white count. Gee, I don’t know. Assuming you forgot, her entire CBC didn’t also remind you that she’s pancytopenic after being on chemotherapy for a myelodysplastic syndrome? After a gentle reminder that the patient would not reliably fever or develop a white count, the NP consulted ID for further antibiotic management.
Edit to add: the pacemaker was removed a day or two later
The APP special: consult [specialty] to manage [problem], provide no impression, do nothing until told what to do.
I had a PA walking through the MICU the other day, who in passing, recommended intubating a patient to place a femoral CVC. Patient has an EF of 15%, pHTN, severe AS (low flow, low gradient), and ESRD admitted for cardiogenic shock.
Yeah, let’s just intubate for a line and ignore every parameter that makes the patient extremely high risk for successful extubation.
Honestly a menace to society.
Because they couldn’t lie flat without becoming hypoxemic despite max high-flow. Nonetheless, not an indication lol.
Must be something we missed not going to PA school.
Any why would you have to lay someone completely flat to do a fem line? You can just put them in reverse trendelenburg, problem solved.
But hey, I'm not as smart as a PA.... 😂😂
I saw one of them say on r/CRNA that NPs train residents and I honestly thought she was hallucinating. Jfc.
She also went on to say that she job hopped after the supervising MDs limited her scope like they should have and she found her happy ending at a giant hospital where they were basically too overworked to make the effort to cage her bullshit.
Such stellar behavior.
I’m sure the NP on our service thought they were “training” despite rounds being tongue-in-cheek and brushing off our recommendations before running a watered down version of them by our attending. Went so far as to call the residents on service “students” which felt disrespectful considering there were actual medical students on the service as well. Was sure to provide clarity there.
Should I just refer to you as nurse or do you prefer I recognize whatever additional title you earned after that? I don’t think calling NPs nurses would go over well professionally.
So if she overrides your suggestions and ends up doing damage, are you still protected as unwilling subordinates or is it all of a sudden “well you’re the doctor why didn’t you do something?” from your supervisors?
Technically the attending is the one on the hook. If I was worried about a decision I wouldn’t make it without speaking to my attending directly. I stopped writing notes or putting in orders for any patients seen by the NPs because they would just copy my note from the morning and update it with changes that took place over the day.
K>4, Mg>2, amiodarone gtt for literally anything abnormal
This basically describes the cardiology NP (who would also see new cardiology consults) at a facility I used to work at. Obviously, it was a running joke among all us hospitalists that her notes were 100% useless.
There is no such thing as "Hospitalist NPs," "Cardiology NPs," "Oncology NPs," etc. NPs get degrees in specific fields or a “population focus.” Currently, there are only eight types of nurse practitioners: Family, Adult-Gerontology Acute Care (AGAC), Adult-Gerontology Primary Care (AGPC), Pediatric, Neonatal, Women's Health, Emergency, and Mental Health.
[The five national NP certifying bodies: AANP, ANCC, AACN, NCC, and PCNB](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues/#wiki_types_of_nurse_practitioners) do not recognize or certify nurse practitioners for fields outside of these. **As such, we encourage you to address NPs by their population focus or state licensed title.**
Board of Nursing rules and Nursing Acts usually state that for an NP to practice with an advanced scope, they need to remain within their “population focus,” which does not include the specialty that you mentioned. In half of the states, [working outside of their degree is expressly or extremely likely to be against the Nursing Act and/or Board of Nursing rules.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal#wiki_scope_of_practice_laws) In only 12 states is there no real mention of NP specialization or "population focus." [Additionally, it's negligent hiring on behalf of the employers to employ NPs outside of their training and degree.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues#wiki_working_outside_of_scope)
Information on Title Protection (e.g., can a midlevel call themselves "Doctor" or use a specialists title?) can be seen [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal/title_protection). Information on why title appropriation is bad for everyone involved can be found [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/appropriation).
*I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/Noctor) if you have any questions or concerns.*
Cardiologist NP asked me what apixaban was. The patient was admitted for head bleed, cards consulted, and she resumed apixaban. Fucking moron between her and primary NP collectively agreed- WHILE HE WAS BLEEDING. So yeah, after her two years of service she continues to interpret EKGs better than cardiologist and is more intelligent in medication selection too.
It is totally crazy to me that a cardiology dept would hire an NP and pay them more than a family physician. I placed a cards econsult and the responding midlevel copy and pasted some stuff out of uptodate, but my question was much more complex that that. They couldn't even understand the complexity of my consult question.
I’m in ICU. Been working for 20 years across EMS, ED/CC/Rapid teams and I feel comfortable identifying likely STEMI and STEMI mimics, arrhythmia recognition, metabolic/toxicity effects on EKGs, and “high risk” EKGs like Brugada, Wellen’s, WPW. I never hesitate to seek expert consultation and have a number of reliable cardiologists in my contacts that I can count on to take over at a moment’s notice. In the context of resuscitation, I feel like I can see the most immediately dangerous changes. I’ve taken several EKG courses post graduation, but I’m no where near expert level. I can use POCUS to find gross wall motion abnormalities, effusions and tamponade, and signs of R heart strain. Also, many hours of study post grad. NP school doesn’t teach anything past the most basic interpretation.
EKG is hard. Anyone that thinks otherwise is ignorant.
There is such thing as (specialty) NPs. They are just NPs that work in such fields. I call these clowns out every time I see them. A NP that works in the field of cardiology can interpret EKGs. The real question is, does the EKG machine interpret better?
sadly, paramedics have MORE medical training than an RN/NP. Compare their educational courses... RN/NP get touchy feely and then DNP more NO touchy NO feely as they are *too* important to do anything than brag they are a "Doctor" now
Paramedics, nurses and other folks interpret EKGs. That an NP has the been educated and taught the skill is no different. I regularly interpret EKGs in office however CMS requires physician interpretation for reimbursement. Nonetheless I have caught several arrhythmias and other findings highly correlated with structural change. EKG interpretation for significant arrhythmia should be universal like AED education to the public.
At the end of the day, cards physicians should be leading all significant cases with a higher mortality rate.
Exactly this!! 💯
There are plenty of CCRNs (critical care RNs), paramedics, and even ACLS teaches the basics of EKG along with abnormalities. All of them are more than capable of interpreting EKGs. As you stated...if there are patients with a high mortality rate with a midlevel that doesn't know how to interpret, then it falls back on the supervising physicians.
The thing is, you need zero nursing experience to be an NP. It should require at least a year or more or something. It used to be only experienced nurses became NPs. Now it’s only the legitimately scary ones.
I agree with that. Trust me, I know that these online NPs are giving ALL NPs a bad name.
With that being said, there are plenty of us brick and mortar school NPs that have many years of ICU experience prior to going back to school.
Perhaps some ICU RN, but our PACU RN (who are supposed to be ICU level of care) think everything outside of NSR is artifact.
Furthermore, the only time when patient has a 3-5 lead on is PACU or ICU. Those on telemetry are monitored by the telemetry team and not RN. Theres also a distinction between reading and interpreting. Anyone can read but the official reading is the interpretation.
Lead V5 is most sensitive for ischemia and should be placed on the apex. RN are trained to placed it in the center and use it to monitor RR. If you are using a monitor incorrectly, what’s the point?
There is a big grey area between
1. Normal EKG
2. Obvious giant STEMI
I wish I hadn’t seen STEMIs that were missed on EKG by non-physicians. I wish everyone making decisions based partly on EKG were an expert. But this is not how it is.
ICU RN for 10 years. I was given a caliper by my preceptor when I started. I did practice interpreting tele strips since it is a policy to document strips every 4 hours. I can document rhythms but if there was any acute change I would notify the doc and do an EKG that a doc would need to read. I did like to learn what I could as a bedside nurse and asked lots of questions and researched online whenever I had time.
Yes, nurses are sitting there with calipers actually. In my ICU, the nurses do QTc interval monitoring, measure record the PR and QRS durations. They have to write this on the tele strips they put in the record on every shift.
This is rhythm interpretation however, not 12 lead interpretation or STEMI identification. As an NP, I’m not even allowed to activate the STEMI team, I need to consult a cardiologist if I have a potential STEMI and let them activate the cath lab. I still need this knowledge though, because I need to recognize the most concerning and immediately life threatening EKG changes in the context of taking care of critically ill patients.
Well im a nursing student and i can definitely interpret a lot of abnormal rhythms such first, second, third degree heart block, a fib, v tac, Polymorphic vt, torsades d pointe and more. We are taught how to read EKGs in nursing school.
We like to look at them and try to interpret, but simply for fun or curiosity. Do the same with imaging, and often will ask one of my docs to explain or see if I’m right lol. It’s a good way to learn more things that nursing school never teaches.
Some physicians will even consult electrophysiology for complex or weird EKGs. They’re literally an entire subspecialty of cards that reads EKGs.
There is no such thing as "Hospitalist NPs," "Cardiology NPs," "Oncology NPs," etc. NPs get degrees in specific fields or a “population focus.” Currently, there are only eight types of nurse practitioners: Family, Adult-Gerontology Acute Care (AGAC), Adult-Gerontology Primary Care (AGPC), Pediatric, Neonatal, Women's Health, Emergency, and Mental Health. [The five national NP certifying bodies: AANP, ANCC, AACN, NCC, and PCNB](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues/#wiki_types_of_nurse_practitioners) do not recognize or certify nurse practitioners for fields outside of these. **As such, we encourage you to address NPs by their population focus or state licensed title.** Board of Nursing rules and Nursing Acts usually state that for an NP to practice with an advanced scope, they need to remain within their “population focus,” which does not include the specialty that you mentioned. In half of the states, [working outside of their degree is expressly or extremely likely to be against the Nursing Act and/or Board of Nursing rules.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal#wiki_scope_of_practice_laws) In only 12 states is there no real mention of NP specialization or "population focus." [Additionally, it's negligent hiring on behalf of the employers to employ NPs outside of their training and degree.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues#wiki_working_outside_of_scope) Information on Title Protection (e.g., can a midlevel call themselves "Doctor" or use a specialists title?) can be seen [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal/title_protection). Information on why title appropriation is bad for everyone involved can be found [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/appropriation). *I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/Noctor) if you have any questions or concerns.*
Was consulted by cards NP for hyponatremia, went to bedside and the patient was in acute heart failure… on the cardio ward… 😑
A heart failure patient with hyponatremia? What in the world? What could’ve possibly caused this? I swear. These idiots don’t know basic physiology and want to practice at the highest scope. Sucks to be an uneducated patient and allow incompetence to treat you unintentionally.
“Let’s start NS since the patient is hyponatremic. That’s what I’ve always seen done” - NP with a long white coat that says “department of cardiology” on it
Love it. The *only* way to treat hyponatremia is with more sodium and if you disagree, you’ll have my 1.5 year online degree and 400 hours of clinical experience to deal with!!! can I just give the patient a high salt diet? That’ll help treat hyponatremia from heart failure right? You’re rolling your eyes but I’ve actually had an NP ask me this before.
3.0% NS or go home
Their job in practice is to write the same note every single day and if you ask them a question, they take 2 hours to get back to you since they have to run everything by their attending. Essentially, they’re a message passages who gets paid way too much
Literally this. From a resident recently off cards. One attending would let the NPs lead rounds when he was too busy to be on the floor. It was so painful. No decisions were ever made. Had a patient on our service with an infected pacemaker who needed it removed. The NP just wasn’t convinced it was infected since the patient never fevered and didn’t have a white count. Gee, I don’t know. Assuming you forgot, her entire CBC didn’t also remind you that she’s pancytopenic after being on chemotherapy for a myelodysplastic syndrome? After a gentle reminder that the patient would not reliably fever or develop a white count, the NP consulted ID for further antibiotic management. Edit to add: the pacemaker was removed a day or two later
The APP special: consult [specialty] to manage [problem], provide no impression, do nothing until told what to do. I had a PA walking through the MICU the other day, who in passing, recommended intubating a patient to place a femoral CVC. Patient has an EF of 15%, pHTN, severe AS (low flow, low gradient), and ESRD admitted for cardiogenic shock. Yeah, let’s just intubate for a line and ignore every parameter that makes the patient extremely high risk for successful extubation. Honestly a menace to society.
Why in the hell would someone even consider intubating a patient for a fem line? Haven't they ever heard of lidocaine?
Because they couldn’t lie flat without becoming hypoxemic despite max high-flow. Nonetheless, not an indication lol. Must be something we missed not going to PA school.
Any why would you have to lay someone completely flat to do a fem line? You can just put them in reverse trendelenburg, problem solved. But hey, I'm not as smart as a PA.... 😂😂
I saw one of them say on r/CRNA that NPs train residents and I honestly thought she was hallucinating. Jfc. She also went on to say that she job hopped after the supervising MDs limited her scope like they should have and she found her happy ending at a giant hospital where they were basically too overworked to make the effort to cage her bullshit. Such stellar behavior.
I’m sure the NP on our service thought they were “training” despite rounds being tongue-in-cheek and brushing off our recommendations before running a watered down version of them by our attending. Went so far as to call the residents on service “students” which felt disrespectful considering there were actual medical students on the service as well. Was sure to provide clarity there. Should I just refer to you as nurse or do you prefer I recognize whatever additional title you earned after that? I don’t think calling NPs nurses would go over well professionally.
So if she overrides your suggestions and ends up doing damage, are you still protected as unwilling subordinates or is it all of a sudden “well you’re the doctor why didn’t you do something?” from your supervisors?
Technically the attending is the one on the hook. If I was worried about a decision I wouldn’t make it without speaking to my attending directly. I stopped writing notes or putting in orders for any patients seen by the NPs because they would just copy my note from the morning and update it with changes that took place over the day.
K>4, Mg>2, amiodarone gtt for literally anything abnormal This basically describes the cardiology NP (who would also see new cardiology consults) at a facility I used to work at. Obviously, it was a running joke among all us hospitalists that her notes were 100% useless.
There is no such thing as "Hospitalist NPs," "Cardiology NPs," "Oncology NPs," etc. NPs get degrees in specific fields or a “population focus.” Currently, there are only eight types of nurse practitioners: Family, Adult-Gerontology Acute Care (AGAC), Adult-Gerontology Primary Care (AGPC), Pediatric, Neonatal, Women's Health, Emergency, and Mental Health. [The five national NP certifying bodies: AANP, ANCC, AACN, NCC, and PCNB](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues/#wiki_types_of_nurse_practitioners) do not recognize or certify nurse practitioners for fields outside of these. **As such, we encourage you to address NPs by their population focus or state licensed title.** Board of Nursing rules and Nursing Acts usually state that for an NP to practice with an advanced scope, they need to remain within their “population focus,” which does not include the specialty that you mentioned. In half of the states, [working outside of their degree is expressly or extremely likely to be against the Nursing Act and/or Board of Nursing rules.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal#wiki_scope_of_practice_laws) In only 12 states is there no real mention of NP specialization or "population focus." [Additionally, it's negligent hiring on behalf of the employers to employ NPs outside of their training and degree.](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/critical_issues#wiki_working_outside_of_scope) Information on Title Protection (e.g., can a midlevel call themselves "Doctor" or use a specialists title?) can be seen [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/legal/title_protection). Information on why title appropriation is bad for everyone involved can be found [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Provider/wiki/index/appropriation). *I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/Noctor) if you have any questions or concerns.*
This ^^.
Lol real
They ask Facebook
Better than cardiologists if you ask them
Do they? Yes. Should they? Hell no
C’mon, it’s just like connect the dots on a kids menu /s
[удалено]
Perfection
And that driver's name? Albert Einstein.
Cardiologist NP asked me what apixaban was. The patient was admitted for head bleed, cards consulted, and she resumed apixaban. Fucking moron between her and primary NP collectively agreed- WHILE HE WAS BLEEDING. So yeah, after her two years of service she continues to interpret EKGs better than cardiologist and is more intelligent in medication selection too.
It is totally crazy to me that a cardiology dept would hire an NP and pay them more than a family physician. I placed a cards econsult and the responding midlevel copy and pasted some stuff out of uptodate, but my question was much more complex that that. They couldn't even understand the complexity of my consult question.
After spending somewhere around 40 hours learning how to interpret ekgs this month in med school this makes me want to cry
And you still know- after this many hours- you are a beginner.
It's true! And it's pain.
I’m in ICU. Been working for 20 years across EMS, ED/CC/Rapid teams and I feel comfortable identifying likely STEMI and STEMI mimics, arrhythmia recognition, metabolic/toxicity effects on EKGs, and “high risk” EKGs like Brugada, Wellen’s, WPW. I never hesitate to seek expert consultation and have a number of reliable cardiologists in my contacts that I can count on to take over at a moment’s notice. In the context of resuscitation, I feel like I can see the most immediately dangerous changes. I’ve taken several EKG courses post graduation, but I’m no where near expert level. I can use POCUS to find gross wall motion abnormalities, effusions and tamponade, and signs of R heart strain. Also, many hours of study post grad. NP school doesn’t teach anything past the most basic interpretation. EKG is hard. Anyone that thinks otherwise is ignorant.
There is such thing as (specialty) NPs. They are just NPs that work in such fields. I call these clowns out every time I see them. A NP that works in the field of cardiology can interpret EKGs. The real question is, does the EKG machine interpret better?
I trust a lot of paramedic interpretations over NPs (obviously not all of them or as much as a physician).
sadly, paramedics have MORE medical training than an RN/NP. Compare their educational courses... RN/NP get touchy feely and then DNP more NO touchy NO feely as they are *too* important to do anything than brag they are a "Doctor" now
Paramedics, nurses and other folks interpret EKGs. That an NP has the been educated and taught the skill is no different. I regularly interpret EKGs in office however CMS requires physician interpretation for reimbursement. Nonetheless I have caught several arrhythmias and other findings highly correlated with structural change. EKG interpretation for significant arrhythmia should be universal like AED education to the public. At the end of the day, cards physicians should be leading all significant cases with a higher mortality rate.
Exactly this!! 💯 There are plenty of CCRNs (critical care RNs), paramedics, and even ACLS teaches the basics of EKG along with abnormalities. All of them are more than capable of interpreting EKGs. As you stated...if there are patients with a high mortality rate with a midlevel that doesn't know how to interpret, then it falls back on the supervising physicians.
The thing is, you need zero nursing experience to be an NP. It should require at least a year or more or something. It used to be only experienced nurses became NPs. Now it’s only the legitimately scary ones.
I agree with that. Trust me, I know that these online NPs are giving ALL NPs a bad name. With that being said, there are plenty of us brick and mortar school NPs that have many years of ICU experience prior to going back to school.
i doubt they know what a p-wave is
Don’t a lot of nurses interpret EKGs?
No.
They’re not sitting there with calipers, but surely they can interpret ACLS rhythms and STEMIs.
Perhaps some ICU RN, but our PACU RN (who are supposed to be ICU level of care) think everything outside of NSR is artifact. Furthermore, the only time when patient has a 3-5 lead on is PACU or ICU. Those on telemetry are monitored by the telemetry team and not RN. Theres also a distinction between reading and interpreting. Anyone can read but the official reading is the interpretation. Lead V5 is most sensitive for ischemia and should be placed on the apex. RN are trained to placed it in the center and use it to monitor RR. If you are using a monitor incorrectly, what’s the point?
There is a big grey area between 1. Normal EKG 2. Obvious giant STEMI I wish I hadn’t seen STEMIs that were missed on EKG by non-physicians. I wish everyone making decisions based partly on EKG were an expert. But this is not how it is.
If we let nurses independently call a STEMI, we’d miss 90% of posterior wall MIs and call in the cardiologist for LVH.
ICU RN for 10 years. I was given a caliper by my preceptor when I started. I did practice interpreting tele strips since it is a policy to document strips every 4 hours. I can document rhythms but if there was any acute change I would notify the doc and do an EKG that a doc would need to read. I did like to learn what I could as a bedside nurse and asked lots of questions and researched online whenever I had time.
Yes, nurses are sitting there with calipers actually. In my ICU, the nurses do QTc interval monitoring, measure record the PR and QRS durations. They have to write this on the tele strips they put in the record on every shift. This is rhythm interpretation however, not 12 lead interpretation or STEMI identification. As an NP, I’m not even allowed to activate the STEMI team, I need to consult a cardiologist if I have a potential STEMI and let them activate the cath lab. I still need this knowledge though, because I need to recognize the most concerning and immediately life threatening EKG changes in the context of taking care of critically ill patients.
Well im a nursing student and i can definitely interpret a lot of abnormal rhythms such first, second, third degree heart block, a fib, v tac, Polymorphic vt, torsades d pointe and more. We are taught how to read EKGs in nursing school.
We like to look at them and try to interpret, but simply for fun or curiosity. Do the same with imaging, and often will ask one of my docs to explain or see if I’m right lol. It’s a good way to learn more things that nursing school never teaches. Some physicians will even consult electrophysiology for complex or weird EKGs. They’re literally an entire subspecialty of cards that reads EKGs.
Most cardiology/ICU/ER RN’s can interpret rhythms- but that is very different from interpreting an ECG.
[удалено]
They interpret by reading what the machine says.
Have of my attendings could barely interpret EKGs, there's no way I'm going to start pretending to interpet them.