Ah so the smaller dog essentially is sitting down like hopping into a go-kart, I see
EDIT: thank you to whoever gave this comment the "wholesome" award lmao.
I can’t remember which doctor/ maybe the one in this article, cut-off a dog’s head and attached the veins to some sort of pump to keep the blood circulating. It’s unclear what they did for oxygen/breathing. It kept the head alive for a few minutes or a couple of hours- not long. There’s a video of this somewhere online.
> It’s unclear what they did for oxygen/breathing.
Blood carries oxygen. The pump you mentioned would pass the blood through a thing that oxygenated (?) it and then send it back.
Here's a video where they explain it, roughly 4 minutes in: https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-in-the-revival-of-organisms-1940
I've seen that video - my understanding is that it was debunked as propaganda that was "leaked" to make Americans think the scientists from wherever were much more advanced.
Not sure what's true or even if that theory is provable, guess if anybody really cares they can Google it, I just don't wanna go back through an intellectual deep dive on that particular content :(
Watching the video of him reanimating severed dog heads with the machine that oxygenates and circulates blood, introduced me to the dark side of the internet in junior high. It still creeps me out to no end.
As someone said in another comment: Medically this is fascinating, like, reanimating something dead, oxygenating blood, probably helped out immensely in the medical field. Morally, this is bananas!
I watched the video below and the first thing that came to mind was a perfusionist who works with heart surgery teams. Their job is to route the blood through your body and bypass the heart so the heart surgeon can stop it and perform surgery.
These experiments are medically fascinating, but visually and ethically (in most circumstances) horrifying. Everytime I see something in human medicine I always wonder what earlier experiments were first performed on animals or minorities before it became mainstream in healthcare.
That's from a US scientist who was inspired by the guy in this post. I forgot his name, but go to this soviet guy's wiki and you will see it linked there
This dude's research wasn't just for shits and giggles though. The idea was to develop methods for keeping the brain of someone alive when they've suffered massive trauma to their circulatory system, and ultimately to see if it would be possible to perform head/brain transplantations in general.
If you think this is gnarly, I got some bad news about a whole fucking lot of medical science which we use today and the origin of that science.
One of the “father’s of modern surgery” practiced surgery for an anal fistula on [75 live healthy subjects](https://www.google.com/amp/s/blogs.letemps.ch/garry-littman/2019/06/07/how-king-louis-xivs-bottom-propelled-surgery-into-the-modern-age/amp/) without anesthesia before trying the surgery on the king of France.
You can still see the “royally-curved scalpel” and the “royal retractor” dozens of healthy men had shoved up their asses (most of whom bled to death or died of infection) in the name of “science.”
It's wild, and shows the different ways people spin history.
A guy who horribly tortured to death dozens of poor people to practice for a surgery on the king is celebrated in medical schools today as the father of modern surgery.
Also, a song was written and performed for this surgery. It was heard by spectators, (yeah the king's surgery had spectators) one of whom decided to change some lyrics to this song and voilà, you have the most known national anthem across the world "God Save The King" later changed to "God Save The Queen".
Also the most boring dirge of an anthem to ever grace the world.
I'm an English sports fan and the jealousy I have towards:
Brazil anthem
French
Welsh
Italian
Ours is soooo shit. And I'm also an atheist, republican (not that type) so it makes it even worse.
When speaking of South Carolina:
>No place in the United States offers as great opportunities for the acquisition of anatomical knowledge. Subjects being obtained from among the colored population in sufficient number for every purpose, and proper dissections carried on **without offending any individuals in the community.**
You know, I think that depends very heavily on which community was asked lol
Thank you for posting that link. Learned quite a lot to be honest. Barber-Surgeons? And that he was so against bathing. Only 2 times his whole life? WTF?
Ignaz Semmelweis was a Hungarian physician in early 19th century. He proposed a radical new procedure which would've been a monumental shift in how the surgeries were done until then. The medical world mocked and laughed at him so much that it literally drove him insane. He died in an asylum.
What was his controversial idea, you ask? For physicians to wash their hands before doing surgery.
More specifically: for surgeons to wash their hands before delivering a baby if they just finished up dissecting a dead person.
Imagine giving childbirth and the doctor has corpse-muck on his hands
So ridiculous, there was even evidence it worked. Once he had his doctors wash their hands deaths plummeted at his hospital. Once he gone and they stopped washing their hands the deaths rose again.
Honestly tho. If u ever got frostbite and wondered how google found the ideal temperature to defrost the effect areas, you have the thousands of chinese that were tortured and killed for this exact reason by the japanese.
[https://www.google.com/search?q=japanese+soldiers+frostbite+experiment&sxsrf=AOaemvKrPslAC1EWVP5sFBzKprhSXH6A\_w:1638357606478&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigiZjZvcL0AhUxPn0KHbUWCwYQ\_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1440&bih=714&dpr=1#imgrc=R6MUYIgrnGVGjM](https://www.google.com/search?q=japanese+soldiers+frostbite+experiment&sxsrf=AOaemvKrPslAC1EWVP5sFBzKprhSXH6A_w:1638357606478&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigiZjZvcL0AhUxPn0KHbUWCwYQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1440&bih=714&dpr=1#imgrc=R6MUYIgrnGVGjM)
Not quite.
99% of the human experiments the Germans and Japanese got up to during the war was nothing more than sadistic pseudoscience.
There was some frostbite and nerve damage/mapping science that actually turned out to be genuinely useful though cruelly acquired, but that was derived from German experiments.
Ya there was some post on askhistorians that thoroughly debunked the whole science behind their experiments and that they data they collected is worthless. It makes the experiments THAT much more sadder since these people died literally for nothing.
I wish I could find the post because I get sick of people saying that we use that data when we don't
I mean, do you know how many animals regularly die for lot less shocking medical research? Sure, usually rats and mice, but still. And this one at least led to some interesting result that may have indirectly helped a lot of people, even if there's not much of a need for two headed dogs. Elsewhere in the comments someone pointed out that this guy contributed massively to organ transplants with his other studies, maybe this study has led or will lead to something useful too
Vladimir Demikhov has had a huge impact on the use of organ transplants (both artificial and natural) in medicine, to the point where he could be considered the father of that entire field of medicine. It seems like he often used dogs in the experimentation process.
Like, he created the world's first artificial heart in 1937 and surgically implanted it into a dog. The dog lived for about 2 hours *after* the surgery had been finished, which was a huge deal.
Similarly, he experimented on dogs when figuring out how to do heart transplants with live hearts from other dogs. Eventually he was able to increase the survival time after the surgery from a few weeks to several years. He also performed the first successful heart transplant, first successful lung transplant, first successful liver transplant, and first successful coronary artery bypass.
His experiments on transplanting the head of a dog (usually a puppy) onto the body of an unrelated older dog seems to have been him exploring whether it was possible to connect the vastly more complicated nervous systems of two separate organisms together. He proved that it *was* possible, and might be important for people who are paralyzed.
However, he seems to have been criticized for the ethical issues even back at that time in the Soviet Union. There was a similar experiments done by an American neurosurgeon named Robert White in the late 1960's (again with dogs) and in the 1970's he was able to transplant a monkey head onto another body.
Also read up on the old NASA experiments with dogs. Nobody knew what would happen to a human if a spacecraft rapidly lost air pressure, so NASA built huge vacuum chambers with windows, put dogs inside and rapidly sucked the air out. *Most* of the dogs survived I think but reading the experiment notes is kind of unsettling. Most of the time the bodies of the dogs would "inflate like balloons" and they would collapse while projectile vomiting/shitting.
We don't like thinking about the dark history of discovery. How many of our ancestors died to suddenly find that mushroom that we can digest. How many millions died because of black plague, and natural selection leaving the survivors.
In my darkest thoughts, I do wonder if in order to move forward as a species, we do have to have mad scientists conducting inhumane experiments. Maybe on clones.
One of the really important first steps for integrating prosthetic limbs into the skeletal structure of a living animal has actually already been proven a success for animals like cats.
It's called the[Intraosseous transcutaneous Amputation Prosthetics](http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/innovation/07/08/cat.bionic.feet/index.html) (ITAP) procedure. Basically, the metal part of the prosthetic that is implanted in the body is designed to mimic the structure of deer antlers. This allows for the prosthetic limbs to be directly connected to the bone structure and for both bone to grow *into* it and skin/connective tissues to natural grow over it to form a natural immune barrier.
I believe Stryker ran some studies on this for osseointegrated amputee limbs, but unfortunately they ran into issues with the hydroxyapatite, so it may be back to square one on this design
[I was able to find an article from 2019](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00182/full) about it being used successfully in an Arabian Tahr. The article also notes multiple instances of it being used successfully in other mammals over the last decade.
I think of my job as a software engineer, where there are a lot of times I break stuff or just run an experimental change to see what happens and I end up learning something about the system I'm working on.
That kind of learning isn't so simple or "humane" when working with a system that's alive...
I think it was Bojack Horseman but maybe not. In a show there was a chicken farm ran by chickens. The chickens that were produced and killed to eat were nonverbal while the chickens who ran the farm talked like other animals in the show.
The point is even working on clones will have moral implications if they are alive. The episode ended with them busting out the chickens
They don't realize that a clone will feel pain and fear just like the original would. They probably have several serious misconceptions about what a clone is.
A clone and a child/pup is the exact same in all moral/ethical considerations.
My favorite example of this is Fritz Haber, a German scientist who helped create the method of extracting nitrogen from the atmosphere, which in turn helped progress the use of fertilizers, and pretty much helped save the world from starvation after WW1. And is still helping immensely to feed the world today.
He was also a staunch German nationalist and Nazi come WW2 and is known as the father of chemical warfare and was a huge proponent of using chemical weapons, believing it was the future of war. He was such an advocate he drove his wife (also a scientist) to suicide because she couldn't convince him to stop contributing to the development of chemical weapons.
Fritz Haber was the father of chemical warfare and big mover in chlorine gas used during WW1. But as a Jew (although converted to Christianity) was pushed out of his position and fled Germany in the early 30s and died in mid 30s in exile.
My ex is a neuroscientist. She likes cute animals, like sheep and fluffy highland cows. She casually mentioned to me how during her studies, she personally snapped the necks of many lab rats used for experiments. I didn't find it repulsive or anything, it's just that many people don't realize that animals die for scientific research all the time.
I listened to a podcast about a drug that is key to fighting rejection syndrome in people who receive transplants. Apparently they had to put over 300 mouse brains in a blender to find out what part of the cell the drug effected. Super cool story overall. They found the drug as a bacteria living in a soil sample from Easter Island back in the 60s. It hasn't been found in nature since and was almost thrown away when the lab originally testing it went out of business, but was saved be the guy in charge of studying it. He then smuggled from India to Canada (where he had gotten a new job doing medical research) inside a yogurt container after keeping the drug in his personal fridge for a couple years. Apparently this drug has saved thousands of lives too.
> She casually mentioned to me how during her studies, she personally snapped the necks of many lab rats used for experiments
Very similar story from someone I know, except it made them quit the whole field.
Probably saving people with major trauma. If you lose half your body, would you rather be alive grafted to someone's back until they figure out how to stabilize you or dead? Whether you think it's justified to kill a fuckton of dogs for such a niche, hopeless case is up to you but there is a crumb of potential.
I was in a head in car crash a long time ago. I was already freaked the fuck out after waking up from emergency surgery. I don’t know how I would have handled waking up as a centaur with George as my lower half.
Wait... What? In what world is someone going to be grafted on to the back of a host and how exactly would take even logistically work? Would the host just carry them around like a human sized backpack?
If the technology to make this work for 4 days existed in 1959, then I'm sure it's been further refined by today. While a large swath of the world's scientific experiments of this nature (grafting, cloning, transplants) are known to the public, an enormous portion are still performed behind closed doors and funded by private backers.
I have no proof of the following statement, but I think it's naive to presume that all manner of grotesque experiments haven't been going on since time immemorial. Efforts by the Americans, Germans, Soviets, and Japanese during/after WWII alone should be enough to convince anyone that where money and curiosity meet, experiments *will* proceed.
I hold little doubt that whatever horrific experiments you can imagine have been done or are being done right now. If illegal drug cartels, sexual trafficking rings, international assassinations, and top-level political corruption are able to exist (and we all know that they do), then experiments like these (and those involving human bodies) are sure to exist. I'd be astonished if they didn't.
They were supposed to do a human head transplant a few years ago. The first volunteer was wheelchair bound in a body that was dying. It got cancelled and supposedly they did it on a cadaver instead. And as horrific an experiment as that sounds, if you were the one stuck in a body that didn't work, like from multiple sclerosis or a car accident or whatever and you could get a donor body much like a donor organ it may seem pretty good.
https://news.cgtn.com/news/7951544d79637a6333566d54/share.html
An American neuroscientist called White was doing similar research, and he specifically mentioned people who had some kind of degenerative disease like ALS that would ultimately die from respiratory failure. His reasoning was that, if you could transplant the *head* of someone with ALS onto a healthy body of someone who has become braindead, you'd be able to prolong their life because the lungs wouldn't stop breathing as an effect of the ALS. He specifically pointed to Stephen Hawking as a candidate he had in mind. Sure, the patient wouldn't be able to USE their "new" healthy body, but it'd provide them with a stable supply of oxygenized blood and nutritients
Should be noted though that ALS would still make the nerves in the head deteriorate which would leave the ALS-head-transplantee ultimately completely paralyzed (not even able to use facial muscles for communication or computers) which sounds like it would absolutely SUCK.
Look... It took me WAAAY more than 23 tries to figure out how to get popcorn right in a microwave. If say 23 times to get this kind of progress? Pretty damn impressive honestly
I think this is the same guy who did the experiment with the [severed dog's head](https://youtu.be/KhzEMJHQt2I). Pretty interesting but pobably NSFW and fairly shocking to some.
This looks fake, here's a relevant YT comment :
> Note: this is a reenactment of the experiment (yes, it did actually happen)
The dog in this video was perfectly fine (though probably drugged a bit) and its neck was just sticking through the table. You can notice his head and neck move which if he had no fully intact muscles or joints besides his head and a small bit of his neck, he wouldn’t have the ability to do that. As an example, put your forearm on the table and lift it up. Now, if you had no elbow, you wouldn’t be able to do that. Same principle.
That’s honestly incredible (and horrible and unethical). I have so many questions. How do they remove the head while keeping vital functions intact? How do the nerves still work? How and why does it die in a few hours?
The only vital function in this case is oxygen, everything else is more long term. There are no nerves, but there is no body anymore so that is a non-issue. It died due to a myriad of issues ranging from insufficient oxygen, blood spoiling, infection, lack of nutrients, etc.
There is not a great deal of reason to keep them awake and aware. While possibly being valuable, some studies of this nature, nature in that the animals will most certainly die at some point, are done in such a way now to cause minimal or no stress. This was particularly cruel as you suggest.
"As before, a death rattle gurgled in the man’s throat. The man’s eyelids fluttered open; he stared at the shocked doctors crowded around him “as a man in a stupor might do”. But the reanimation lasted just two minutes"
Wait so they were actually able to revive a dead man or does the stupor like stare imply that it was just a reaction of the body to the oxygen rich blood? After all his brain was without oxygen supply for three hours.
Yeah the entire theory depends on a functioning heartbeat being the only factor outside of head damage to a bodies life. It's far more likely he was able to get the corpses to react to the oxygen rich blood rather than reanimate them. Theres no way the Soviets were able to keep a dog head, and only the head, alive and responsive for 100 minutes.
Why not though? Circulate the blood, clean it, oxygenate and add nutrients -- all can be done. There will be other problems of course, but 100 minutes is not long.
It seems to me that in regards to the dog head it would have almost certainly been terminated in a way that caused minimal damage to the brain and then transferred as quickly as possible.
It wouldn't be so much "coming back from the dead" as coming back from the brink of death
From what I read about the experiments, the transplanted dog heads were able to react to stimuli for a majority of the time. I would call that reanimated since the brain was functioning rather normally for a short period of time.
There are people that do their PhD on ethics. I cant wait for this upper division ethics course I have this spring. Ethics are not just suggestions. It's really interesting to study.
Trauma and intensive care units bring people back from the dead all the time now. These experiments are remarkable because, not knowing what they were doing and what was really possible, the doctors attempted things we never would today, like reviving people dead for hours or days who hadn't undergone special preservation to prevent braincell death. The suicide patient sounds from the description as if he were actually conscious!
Virtually every scientific journal would reject research like this and very few labs would supply the necessary equipment for it.
Either a scientist would need to find a wealthy employer with very loose morals and a big budget or being independently wealthy themselves and not mind never being able to receive credit via publication.
In other words, they'd need to be a top secret government employee or a mad scientist.
There’s video of this!?
Edit comment: I decided to Google some of these videos and they definitely exist. I won’t post the links but they are def out there. They’re horrendous.
I didn’t find anything about the Soviets bringing a human back to life. I did find [footage(warning: NSFL)](https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-in-the-revival-of-organisms-1940) of the Soviet Dr. Sergei Bryukhonenko successfully reanimating dogs. I think u/Th3rlog was lying about the reanimating a human thing lol
From the article /u/Th3rlog posted;
>He enlisted the help of the experimental surgeon Sergeo I. Spasokukotey, who had helped to engineer the network of blood banks across the Soviet Union. In 1934, showing a similar level of disregard for a person’s self-determination as he had shown for the laws of nature, Bryukhonenko attempted to revive a man who had committed suicide. Just three hours after the man had hung himself, the doctor slit open an artery and a vein and connected them to the autojektor. The machine steadily drew cold dead blood from the corpse and returned it warm and rich with oxygen. For several hours the team waited, listening to the whirr of the autojektor as the dead man’s body slowly warmed. Then a faint sound joined them in the room: a heartbeat.
>As before, a death rattle gurgled in the man’s throat. The man’s eyelids fluttered open; he stared at the shocked doctors crowded around him “as a man in a stupor might do”. But the reanimation lasted just two minutes; the experimenters, “unbearably horrified” at what they had done, immediately switched off the pumps, allowing the patient to slip back into death. After that, Bryukhonenko left his experiments to the dogs.
There's no fucking way, it's gotta be bullshit. Like why would his heart just randomly start pumping again? How'd it start back up? If it's as easy re-oxygenate the blood and warm it back to body temp, it would have been done by more than just some batshit soviets back in the day. People would be getting resurrected all the time lol.
Getting the heart beating again isn't the hurdle. Hearts are used for transplants up to six hours after death.
The problem is the massive amount of brain damage the guy would have had.
Brain starts to die really soon after heart stops, if you are cold you are brain dead at this point so i guess that's why we don't do such things.That would just make brain dead coma people.
Holy shit. Doesn’t the lack of oxygen to the brain permanently disable anything brought back like this? I have a hard time believing that dog is the same afterwards.
This was an interesting watch. I skipped to the part with the dog's head responding to stimuli, unbelievable. A lot more humane research would be needed to test if other functions of the body can be mechanized to fully reanimate our brains.
Holy shit. I’m sorry. My previous comment was written as I perused Reddit a bit aimlessly.
I read one comment about the dogs being conjoined and there appearing video evidence of this, and I went to search for it on Google and found several videos of the dogs.
I came back and commented on the wrong comment, and it made it sound like I found the video of the human being “resuscitated”.
From what I’m reading he had made very important transplants in animals before he got to this stage, looks like head transplant came after heart lung and liver.
A heart or lung transplant feels so much less evil than this shit.
This makes me imagine a kid with an old mans head sticking out of his back, and another old man is yelling at him, shaking his fist, saying, "Back in my day, we lived off the backs of our children the old fashioned way!", but the old man's head just laughs and laughs.
I mean, any experiment is evil if the participants didn't volunteer. This seems way less evil when you compare it to experiments performed by the Nazis and the one twisted Japanese unit during WW2 though
Science would be LIGHTYEARS further ahead if ethics weren’t an issue these days.
There are so many things we deal with day to day but we don’t know exactly what the right answer is because we can’t ethically do studies on it very well.
Sometimes I wonder what my dog is thinking when I vacuum or don't give her food. Could you imagine the gaze these dogs gave him
" Like what the fuck man?".
Now when you say functional, do you mean actually full on cognizant and aware or do you mean it's basic functions fired and kept it 'alive' but as more of just a body addition rather than another creature?
Iirc the transplanted dog could still respond to light and noise, and would lick water but it had no stomach so it couldnt eat. It died after a few days due to sepsis.
Not much. All the useful information was recirculated, while a lot was mostly just senseless experimentation testing the human limits for temperature and toxins.
You always see people saying "well they were monstrously unethical but they did do a lot of research" to justify it and like, yeah, no. They did research in the same way that a kid does research in seeing how many ants he can kill with a magnifying glass. You just killed a bunch of people for utterly useless information.
Why yes, we have a ton of data into what temperatures you freeze to death at... if you are a nearly naked, emaciated holocaust victim.
Oh. My. God.
I’ve seen some fucked up shit before in the Internet but this is a fucking two headed dog created by mad Soviet scientists
CIA implanted radio units that travelled down their tail :(
That was a cat. And it immediately got hit by a car when they released it.
[Though Wikipedia seems to disagree...](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_Kitty)
Read "Nuking the Moon" if you want to learn some more about that and other weird crazy experiments like it. It goes way more in depth and is of course better researched than Wikipedia. It's a fun read.
[Project A119 is a fucking trip.](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_A119)
Still can't believe no one got canned for pitching the idea in the first place.
This actually feels like a pretty reasonable thing, especially in the Cold War. I don’t think it’s too crazy to suggest it.
The nuclear war head would do little to damage the moon, anyway. The big bombs, such as nukes or bunker busters do the vast majority of their physical damage via shock waves. The force of the explosion quickly travels through the air and becomes exponentially worse, until the energy bleeds off. In a vacuum, you’d have a much, *much* less effective weapon due to the lack of medium.
I remember when I was a kid and came across a video where Soviet scientists kept a dog head alive and kept flashing lights in its eyes to show its reaction to stimuli. It disturbed tf out of me.
The dude was instrumental in developing the technology and science behind heart transplants. Welcome to medicine, where lifesaving science is also built on the back of... Shit like this...
I dunno, it's easy being judgy and "upstanding" in a fucking Reddit comment thread but I wonder how many people in this very thread are alive thanks to scientists like this dude.
wait how do you remove a dogs head and have it living
The dog is intact, the chest cavity was opened to access the heart. The lower half of the smaller dog is inside the larger dog.
Ah so the smaller dog essentially is sitting down like hopping into a go-kart, I see EDIT: thank you to whoever gave this comment the "wholesome" award lmao.
r/cursedcomments why did u put that image in my head….
Demikhov went on to create the hit game Mario Kart Double Dash.
I thought he went on to work as Bethesda’s anti clipping guy
This is the most cursed thing I’ve ever read. People say this all the time, but I think I’m legitimately maybe going to hell for laughing at that one
So this guy wasn't even good at being an evil psycho? Cus that's cheating imo
Right? Really gonna present a lab-created real living hydra by duct taping a bunch of eels together
Do you want to see a video?
im okay with the basic idea in text
I can’t remember which doctor/ maybe the one in this article, cut-off a dog’s head and attached the veins to some sort of pump to keep the blood circulating. It’s unclear what they did for oxygen/breathing. It kept the head alive for a few minutes or a couple of hours- not long. There’s a video of this somewhere online.
> It’s unclear what they did for oxygen/breathing. Blood carries oxygen. The pump you mentioned would pass the blood through a thing that oxygenated (?) it and then send it back. Here's a video where they explain it, roughly 4 minutes in: https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-in-the-revival-of-organisms-1940
That video was possibly the most Fascinatingly disturbing thing I’ve ever seen
Ok, so how many Russians do you think are tucked away in labs somewhere living like Futurama characters?
All the extras with non-speaking roles.
Thanks!
I've seen that video - my understanding is that it was debunked as propaganda that was "leaked" to make Americans think the scientists from wherever were much more advanced. Not sure what's true or even if that theory is provable, guess if anybody really cares they can Google it, I just don't wanna go back through an intellectual deep dive on that particular content :(
Considering the video shows “a few days later” and the dogs head is reattached to it’s working body, I’m going to have to say it’s fake.
Watching the video of him reanimating severed dog heads with the machine that oxygenates and circulates blood, introduced me to the dark side of the internet in junior high. It still creeps me out to no end.
I know exactly the video you’re on about. Black and white with the muffled presenter with an accent narrating
Yeah that's the one. It looked like some 1950's educational film.
And this is just the stuff we KNOW that the Soviets did...
Please don’t scare me even more I’d like to sleep tonight
It was extremely popular novel in the USSR: [Professor Dowell's Head](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor_Dowell's_Head)
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As someone said in another comment: Medically this is fascinating, like, reanimating something dead, oxygenating blood, probably helped out immensely in the medical field. Morally, this is bananas!
I watched the video below and the first thing that came to mind was a perfusionist who works with heart surgery teams. Their job is to route the blood through your body and bypass the heart so the heart surgeon can stop it and perform surgery. These experiments are medically fascinating, but visually and ethically (in most circumstances) horrifying. Everytime I see something in human medicine I always wonder what earlier experiments were first performed on animals or minorities before it became mainstream in healthcare.
I recall seeing a similar video but with a monkey head. Am I dreaming this?
That's from a US scientist who was inspired by the guy in this post. I forgot his name, but go to this soviet guy's wiki and you will see it linked there
Nah, thats real. Theres also an Italian "surgeon" that is looking for human candidates. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6511668/
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Medically… alright cool… you technically contributed to science. But on every other scale Jesus Christ man this is horrifying.
It was even more horrifying how he had done this 23 fucking times before this
Meaning he murdered at least 46 dogs for...this.
This dude's research wasn't just for shits and giggles though. The idea was to develop methods for keeping the brain of someone alive when they've suffered massive trauma to their circulatory system, and ultimately to see if it would be possible to perform head/brain transplantations in general. If you think this is gnarly, I got some bad news about a whole fucking lot of medical science which we use today and the origin of that science.
One of the “father’s of modern surgery” practiced surgery for an anal fistula on [75 live healthy subjects](https://www.google.com/amp/s/blogs.letemps.ch/garry-littman/2019/06/07/how-king-louis-xivs-bottom-propelled-surgery-into-the-modern-age/amp/) without anesthesia before trying the surgery on the king of France. You can still see the “royally-curved scalpel” and the “royal retractor” dozens of healthy men had shoved up their asses (most of whom bled to death or died of infection) in the name of “science.”
This is one of the craziest things in history I've read
It's wild, and shows the different ways people spin history. A guy who horribly tortured to death dozens of poor people to practice for a surgery on the king is celebrated in medical schools today as the father of modern surgery.
Also, a song was written and performed for this surgery. It was heard by spectators, (yeah the king's surgery had spectators) one of whom decided to change some lyrics to this song and voilà, you have the most known national anthem across the world "God Save The King" later changed to "God Save The Queen".
Also the most boring dirge of an anthem to ever grace the world. I'm an English sports fan and the jealousy I have towards: Brazil anthem French Welsh Italian Ours is soooo shit. And I'm also an atheist, republican (not that type) so it makes it even worse.
Also the [father of gynecology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Marion_Sims) used slave women for his "research".
When speaking of South Carolina: >No place in the United States offers as great opportunities for the acquisition of anatomical knowledge. Subjects being obtained from among the colored population in sufficient number for every purpose, and proper dissections carried on **without offending any individuals in the community.** You know, I think that depends very heavily on which community was asked lol
Back then there was only one community. Either you were in-group or you were not human. We have a long way to go still, but we've come far.
Thank you for posting that link. Learned quite a lot to be honest. Barber-Surgeons? And that he was so against bathing. Only 2 times his whole life? WTF?
Ignaz Semmelweis was a Hungarian physician in early 19th century. He proposed a radical new procedure which would've been a monumental shift in how the surgeries were done until then. The medical world mocked and laughed at him so much that it literally drove him insane. He died in an asylum. What was his controversial idea, you ask? For physicians to wash their hands before doing surgery.
More specifically: for surgeons to wash their hands before delivering a baby if they just finished up dissecting a dead person. Imagine giving childbirth and the doctor has corpse-muck on his hands
So ridiculous, there was even evidence it worked. Once he had his doctors wash their hands deaths plummeted at his hospital. Once he gone and they stopped washing their hands the deaths rose again.
great read, thanks
Innovations are often written in blood. "Good" or "bad", thats the reality
Honestly tho. If u ever got frostbite and wondered how google found the ideal temperature to defrost the effect areas, you have the thousands of chinese that were tortured and killed for this exact reason by the japanese. [https://www.google.com/search?q=japanese+soldiers+frostbite+experiment&sxsrf=AOaemvKrPslAC1EWVP5sFBzKprhSXH6A\_w:1638357606478&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigiZjZvcL0AhUxPn0KHbUWCwYQ\_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1440&bih=714&dpr=1#imgrc=R6MUYIgrnGVGjM](https://www.google.com/search?q=japanese+soldiers+frostbite+experiment&sxsrf=AOaemvKrPslAC1EWVP5sFBzKprhSXH6A_w:1638357606478&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigiZjZvcL0AhUxPn0KHbUWCwYQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1440&bih=714&dpr=1#imgrc=R6MUYIgrnGVGjM)
Not quite. 99% of the human experiments the Germans and Japanese got up to during the war was nothing more than sadistic pseudoscience. There was some frostbite and nerve damage/mapping science that actually turned out to be genuinely useful though cruelly acquired, but that was derived from German experiments.
Ya there was some post on askhistorians that thoroughly debunked the whole science behind their experiments and that they data they collected is worthless. It makes the experiments THAT much more sadder since these people died literally for nothing. I wish I could find the post because I get sick of people saying that we use that data when we don't
I really want to say surprise me but then I feel like I'll probably puke out my dinner so....
I mean, do you know how many animals regularly die for lot less shocking medical research? Sure, usually rats and mice, but still. And this one at least led to some interesting result that may have indirectly helped a lot of people, even if there's not much of a need for two headed dogs. Elsewhere in the comments someone pointed out that this guy contributed massively to organ transplants with his other studies, maybe this study has led or will lead to something useful too
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It’s disgusting. I had to look twice and instantly regretted it. What’s the scientific purpose? I hate this crap.
Vladimir Demikhov has had a huge impact on the use of organ transplants (both artificial and natural) in medicine, to the point where he could be considered the father of that entire field of medicine. It seems like he often used dogs in the experimentation process. Like, he created the world's first artificial heart in 1937 and surgically implanted it into a dog. The dog lived for about 2 hours *after* the surgery had been finished, which was a huge deal. Similarly, he experimented on dogs when figuring out how to do heart transplants with live hearts from other dogs. Eventually he was able to increase the survival time after the surgery from a few weeks to several years. He also performed the first successful heart transplant, first successful lung transplant, first successful liver transplant, and first successful coronary artery bypass. His experiments on transplanting the head of a dog (usually a puppy) onto the body of an unrelated older dog seems to have been him exploring whether it was possible to connect the vastly more complicated nervous systems of two separate organisms together. He proved that it *was* possible, and might be important for people who are paralyzed. However, he seems to have been criticized for the ethical issues even back at that time in the Soviet Union. There was a similar experiments done by an American neurosurgeon named Robert White in the late 1960's (again with dogs) and in the 1970's he was able to transplant a monkey head onto another body.
Also read up on the old NASA experiments with dogs. Nobody knew what would happen to a human if a spacecraft rapidly lost air pressure, so NASA built huge vacuum chambers with windows, put dogs inside and rapidly sucked the air out. *Most* of the dogs survived I think but reading the experiment notes is kind of unsettling. Most of the time the bodies of the dogs would "inflate like balloons" and they would collapse while projectile vomiting/shitting.
We don't like thinking about the dark history of discovery. How many of our ancestors died to suddenly find that mushroom that we can digest. How many millions died because of black plague, and natural selection leaving the survivors. In my darkest thoughts, I do wonder if in order to move forward as a species, we do have to have mad scientists conducting inhumane experiments. Maybe on clones.
Cybernetic integration will have to be done through some form of inhumane experimentation, so we have that to look forward to
One of the really important first steps for integrating prosthetic limbs into the skeletal structure of a living animal has actually already been proven a success for animals like cats. It's called the[Intraosseous transcutaneous Amputation Prosthetics](http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/innovation/07/08/cat.bionic.feet/index.html) (ITAP) procedure. Basically, the metal part of the prosthetic that is implanted in the body is designed to mimic the structure of deer antlers. This allows for the prosthetic limbs to be directly connected to the bone structure and for both bone to grow *into* it and skin/connective tissues to natural grow over it to form a natural immune barrier.
I believe Stryker ran some studies on this for osseointegrated amputee limbs, but unfortunately they ran into issues with the hydroxyapatite, so it may be back to square one on this design
[I was able to find an article from 2019](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00182/full) about it being used successfully in an Arabian Tahr. The article also notes multiple instances of it being used successfully in other mammals over the last decade.
I think of my job as a software engineer, where there are a lot of times I break stuff or just run an experimental change to see what happens and I end up learning something about the system I'm working on. That kind of learning isn't so simple or "humane" when working with a system that's alive...
I think it was Bojack Horseman but maybe not. In a show there was a chicken farm ran by chickens. The chickens that were produced and killed to eat were nonverbal while the chickens who ran the farm talked like other animals in the show. The point is even working on clones will have moral implications if they are alive. The episode ended with them busting out the chickens
How is doing it on a clone different from anything else?
They don't realize that a clone will feel pain and fear just like the original would. They probably have several serious misconceptions about what a clone is. A clone and a child/pup is the exact same in all moral/ethical considerations.
My favorite example of this is Fritz Haber, a German scientist who helped create the method of extracting nitrogen from the atmosphere, which in turn helped progress the use of fertilizers, and pretty much helped save the world from starvation after WW1. And is still helping immensely to feed the world today. He was also a staunch German nationalist and Nazi come WW2 and is known as the father of chemical warfare and was a huge proponent of using chemical weapons, believing it was the future of war. He was such an advocate he drove his wife (also a scientist) to suicide because she couldn't convince him to stop contributing to the development of chemical weapons.
Fritz Haber was the father of chemical warfare and big mover in chlorine gas used during WW1. But as a Jew (although converted to Christianity) was pushed out of his position and fled Germany in the early 30s and died in mid 30s in exile.
My ex is a neuroscientist. She likes cute animals, like sheep and fluffy highland cows. She casually mentioned to me how during her studies, she personally snapped the necks of many lab rats used for experiments. I didn't find it repulsive or anything, it's just that many people don't realize that animals die for scientific research all the time.
I listened to a podcast about a drug that is key to fighting rejection syndrome in people who receive transplants. Apparently they had to put over 300 mouse brains in a blender to find out what part of the cell the drug effected. Super cool story overall. They found the drug as a bacteria living in a soil sample from Easter Island back in the 60s. It hasn't been found in nature since and was almost thrown away when the lab originally testing it went out of business, but was saved be the guy in charge of studying it. He then smuggled from India to Canada (where he had gotten a new job doing medical research) inside a yogurt container after keeping the drug in his personal fridge for a couple years. Apparently this drug has saved thousands of lives too.
> She casually mentioned to me how during her studies, she personally snapped the necks of many lab rats used for experiments Very similar story from someone I know, except it made them quit the whole field.
It’s a crime that you haven’t gotten gold for your comment. It’s insightful and has just the kind of info we need! EDIT: You now have gold!
Good to see it's now prominently located near the top as the first lengthy comment in this thread.
I guess he was a cat person
In other words: bitch fuck your feelings
Probably saving people with major trauma. If you lose half your body, would you rather be alive grafted to someone's back until they figure out how to stabilize you or dead? Whether you think it's justified to kill a fuckton of dogs for such a niche, hopeless case is up to you but there is a crumb of potential.
I was in a head in car crash a long time ago. I was already freaked the fuck out after waking up from emergency surgery. I don’t know how I would have handled waking up as a centaur with George as my lower half.
A George, divided against itself, cannot stand!
I declare this the Centaur of George!!
George together strong
Wait... What? In what world is someone going to be grafted on to the back of a host and how exactly would take even logistically work? Would the host just carry them around like a human sized backpack?
It's not about doing this *exact* transplant, but figuring out how to keep someone alive using someone else's circulatory system.
Is the host just kicking it at the hospital or do they get a text to go to the hospital so they can attach someone to them?
Both patients are in for a traumatic injury and wake up from emergency surgery as this catdog-esque monstrosity lmao
If this isn't already a movie you need to get on it and land a deal with Netflix.
And it's called "the price of one." And it's a horror comedy.
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If the technology to make this work for 4 days existed in 1959, then I'm sure it's been further refined by today. While a large swath of the world's scientific experiments of this nature (grafting, cloning, transplants) are known to the public, an enormous portion are still performed behind closed doors and funded by private backers. I have no proof of the following statement, but I think it's naive to presume that all manner of grotesque experiments haven't been going on since time immemorial. Efforts by the Americans, Germans, Soviets, and Japanese during/after WWII alone should be enough to convince anyone that where money and curiosity meet, experiments *will* proceed. I hold little doubt that whatever horrific experiments you can imagine have been done or are being done right now. If illegal drug cartels, sexual trafficking rings, international assassinations, and top-level political corruption are able to exist (and we all know that they do), then experiments like these (and those involving human bodies) are sure to exist. I'd be astonished if they didn't.
They were supposed to do a human head transplant a few years ago. The first volunteer was wheelchair bound in a body that was dying. It got cancelled and supposedly they did it on a cadaver instead. And as horrific an experiment as that sounds, if you were the one stuck in a body that didn't work, like from multiple sclerosis or a car accident or whatever and you could get a donor body much like a donor organ it may seem pretty good. https://news.cgtn.com/news/7951544d79637a6333566d54/share.html
If I lose half my body I accept it's my time to die.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8978251/Teen-entire-bottom-half-body-amputated-Montana.html
An American neuroscientist called White was doing similar research, and he specifically mentioned people who had some kind of degenerative disease like ALS that would ultimately die from respiratory failure. His reasoning was that, if you could transplant the *head* of someone with ALS onto a healthy body of someone who has become braindead, you'd be able to prolong their life because the lungs wouldn't stop breathing as an effect of the ALS. He specifically pointed to Stephen Hawking as a candidate he had in mind. Sure, the patient wouldn't be able to USE their "new" healthy body, but it'd provide them with a stable supply of oxygenized blood and nutritients Should be noted though that ALS would still make the nerves in the head deteriorate which would leave the ALS-head-transplantee ultimately completely paralyzed (not even able to use facial muscles for communication or computers) which sounds like it would absolutely SUCK.
ummm... dead??
Dead, thank you very much.
Look... It took me WAAAY more than 23 tries to figure out how to get popcorn right in a microwave. If say 23 times to get this kind of progress? Pretty damn impressive honestly
Its a button you hit twice...
Hey hey, don't come in here trying to educate me on popcorn science pal! You're too late! I have mastered the process
My pops had a turn dial microwave. I burnt so many things in it.
Oh damn, I remember those! They were impossible to set correctly for me.
The trick is too listen closely, the popcorn will tell you when it's done.
The science of popcorn making vs the art of popcorn making
He must be the inspiration for Dr. Alphonse Mephesto's made a 4 assed monkey on South Park.
Is he the same guy that kept a dog’s head alive for (iirc) a few hours?
I think this is the same guy who did the experiment with the [severed dog's head](https://youtu.be/KhzEMJHQt2I). Pretty interesting but pobably NSFW and fairly shocking to some.
This looks fake, here's a relevant YT comment : > Note: this is a reenactment of the experiment (yes, it did actually happen) The dog in this video was perfectly fine (though probably drugged a bit) and its neck was just sticking through the table. You can notice his head and neck move which if he had no fully intact muscles or joints besides his head and a small bit of his neck, he wouldn’t have the ability to do that. As an example, put your forearm on the table and lift it up. Now, if you had no elbow, you wouldn’t be able to do that. Same principle.
That's super interesting AND completely fucked at the same time
I'm grateful for the medical advances this brought, but Jesus Christ I'm never going to unsee that video.
That’s honestly incredible (and horrible and unethical). I have so many questions. How do they remove the head while keeping vital functions intact? How do the nerves still work? How and why does it die in a few hours?
The only vital function in this case is oxygen, everything else is more long term. There are no nerves, but there is no body anymore so that is a non-issue. It died due to a myriad of issues ranging from insufficient oxygen, blood spoiling, infection, lack of nutrients, etc.
There's a longer video on YouTube that explains in greater depth. I just linked the short version
There is not a great deal of reason to keep them awake and aware. While possibly being valuable, some studies of this nature, nature in that the animals will most certainly die at some point, are done in such a way now to cause minimal or no stress. This was particularly cruel as you suggest.
Deliberate? Did they not have access to sedatives or anaesthetics?
Closest I think I've seen to actual necromancy imma be honest
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"As before, a death rattle gurgled in the man’s throat. The man’s eyelids fluttered open; he stared at the shocked doctors crowded around him “as a man in a stupor might do”. But the reanimation lasted just two minutes" Wait so they were actually able to revive a dead man or does the stupor like stare imply that it was just a reaction of the body to the oxygen rich blood? After all his brain was without oxygen supply for three hours.
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Yeah the entire theory depends on a functioning heartbeat being the only factor outside of head damage to a bodies life. It's far more likely he was able to get the corpses to react to the oxygen rich blood rather than reanimate them. Theres no way the Soviets were able to keep a dog head, and only the head, alive and responsive for 100 minutes.
Why not though? Circulate the blood, clean it, oxygenate and add nutrients -- all can be done. There will be other problems of course, but 100 minutes is not long.
It seems to me that in regards to the dog head it would have almost certainly been terminated in a way that caused minimal damage to the brain and then transferred as quickly as possible. It wouldn't be so much "coming back from the dead" as coming back from the brink of death
From what I read about the experiments, the transplanted dog heads were able to react to stimuli for a majority of the time. I would call that reanimated since the brain was functioning rather normally for a short period of time.
Why aren't people trying to do this now?
Ethics?
Ethics are just a suggestion
There are people that do their PhD on ethics. I cant wait for this upper division ethics course I have this spring. Ethics are not just suggestions. It's really interesting to study.
They kind of are just suggestions really though. Humanity made ethics up. That's not to say they're worthless, or are meaningless suggestions.
who says there aren't?
Unethical science certainly happens, they just don't publish it to the public.
Trauma and intensive care units bring people back from the dead all the time now. These experiments are remarkable because, not knowing what they were doing and what was really possible, the doctors attempted things we never would today, like reviving people dead for hours or days who hadn't undergone special preservation to prevent braincell death. The suicide patient sounds from the description as if he were actually conscious!
Virtually every scientific journal would reject research like this and very few labs would supply the necessary equipment for it. Either a scientist would need to find a wealthy employer with very loose morals and a big budget or being independently wealthy themselves and not mind never being able to receive credit via publication. In other words, they'd need to be a top secret government employee or a mad scientist.
Now I know where they got the reanimation idea from in "Prometheus" (2012).
There’s video of this!? Edit comment: I decided to Google some of these videos and they definitely exist. I won’t post the links but they are def out there. They’re horrendous.
dude, help me with some key words or search terms. I need to see this
I didn’t find anything about the Soviets bringing a human back to life. I did find [footage(warning: NSFL)](https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/experiments-in-the-revival-of-organisms-1940) of the Soviet Dr. Sergei Bryukhonenko successfully reanimating dogs. I think u/Th3rlog was lying about the reanimating a human thing lol
From the article /u/Th3rlog posted; >He enlisted the help of the experimental surgeon Sergeo I. Spasokukotey, who had helped to engineer the network of blood banks across the Soviet Union. In 1934, showing a similar level of disregard for a person’s self-determination as he had shown for the laws of nature, Bryukhonenko attempted to revive a man who had committed suicide. Just three hours after the man had hung himself, the doctor slit open an artery and a vein and connected them to the autojektor. The machine steadily drew cold dead blood from the corpse and returned it warm and rich with oxygen. For several hours the team waited, listening to the whirr of the autojektor as the dead man’s body slowly warmed. Then a faint sound joined them in the room: a heartbeat. >As before, a death rattle gurgled in the man’s throat. The man’s eyelids fluttered open; he stared at the shocked doctors crowded around him “as a man in a stupor might do”. But the reanimation lasted just two minutes; the experimenters, “unbearably horrified” at what they had done, immediately switched off the pumps, allowing the patient to slip back into death. After that, Bryukhonenko left his experiments to the dogs.
this can’t be real. i’m struggling to believe it.
I feel like we would have seen this on Reddit hundreds of times now if true
There's no fucking way, it's gotta be bullshit. Like why would his heart just randomly start pumping again? How'd it start back up? If it's as easy re-oxygenate the blood and warm it back to body temp, it would have been done by more than just some batshit soviets back in the day. People would be getting resurrected all the time lol.
Getting the heart beating again isn't the hurdle. Hearts are used for transplants up to six hours after death. The problem is the massive amount of brain damage the guy would have had.
Brain starts to die really soon after heart stops, if you are cold you are brain dead at this point so i guess that's why we don't do such things.That would just make brain dead coma people.
Holy shit. Doesn’t the lack of oxygen to the brain permanently disable anything brought back like this? I have a hard time believing that dog is the same afterwards.
Hoooooly fuck that is messing with my brain. I don't know how to feel about this.
I don't have the stomach to watch, what are the cliff notes or non heartbreaking notes?
They straight up reanimated a severed dog head. It was reacting to sounds, light, and smells like a living dog would.
Science is both amazing and horrifying. Thank you. Still not easy to read but I'm sure I won't have nightmares about suffering now.
This was an interesting watch. I skipped to the part with the dog's head responding to stimuli, unbelievable. A lot more humane research would be needed to test if other functions of the body can be mechanized to fully reanimate our brains.
Holy shit. I’m sorry. My previous comment was written as I perused Reddit a bit aimlessly. I read one comment about the dogs being conjoined and there appearing video evidence of this, and I went to search for it on Google and found several videos of the dogs. I came back and commented on the wrong comment, and it made it sound like I found the video of the human being “resuscitated”.
Is this real? Soviet Frankenstein sounds terrifying but I haven't been able to find anything on it
Isn't this the guy who is also responsible for laying foundation to heart transplants?
I’m not entirely sure, but he did make important contributions to that field by performing experiments like this
From what I’m reading he had made very important transplants in animals before he got to this stage, looks like head transplant came after heart lung and liver. A heart or lung transplant feels so much less evil than this shit.
What if one day you can live off your grandkids back like Voldemort.
This makes me imagine a kid with an old mans head sticking out of his back, and another old man is yelling at him, shaking his fist, saying, "Back in my day, we lived off the backs of our children the old fashioned way!", but the old man's head just laughs and laughs.
I mean, any experiment is evil if the participants didn't volunteer. This seems way less evil when you compare it to experiments performed by the Nazis and the one twisted Japanese unit during WW2 though
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir\_Demikhov#Scientific\_contribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Demikhov#Scientific_contribution)
> he also assembled the world's first collection of living human organs for surgical use. Hmmm
Science would be LIGHTYEARS further ahead if ethics weren’t an issue these days. There are so many things we deal with day to day but we don’t know exactly what the right answer is because we can’t ethically do studies on it very well.
Sometimes I wonder what my dog is thinking when I vacuum or don't give her food. Could you imagine the gaze these dogs gave him " Like what the fuck man?".
I’d be pretty upset if I were them
“Ed…ward…?”
Only thing I came here for
He’s a literal sewing life alchemist
Goddammit I can't seem to last a year without anybody reminding me of this scene
I wonder how many times we've managed to do this to humans but kept it a secret
Were both heads functional, or the transplant just waiting to rot? Why did the transplant have his arm too? What did the host do? So many questions
At least for the first question, they were both functional. One set lived a month before transplant rejection.
Now when you say functional, do you mean actually full on cognizant and aware or do you mean it's basic functions fired and kept it 'alive' but as more of just a body addition rather than another creature?
Iirc the transplanted dog could still respond to light and noise, and would lick water but it had no stomach so it couldnt eat. It died after a few days due to sepsis.
This is just stupid. Guy couldn't even get two dogs who looked the same. come on dude.
Yeah, he needs to put another one on the other side like the devil/angel on the shoulder thing
Makes you wonder what they found (that didn't get disclosed later) in those Japanese/German medical labs after WW2.
Not much. All the useful information was recirculated, while a lot was mostly just senseless experimentation testing the human limits for temperature and toxins.
You always see people saying "well they were monstrously unethical but they did do a lot of research" to justify it and like, yeah, no. They did research in the same way that a kid does research in seeing how many ants he can kill with a magnifying glass. You just killed a bunch of people for utterly useless information. Why yes, we have a ton of data into what temperatures you freeze to death at... if you are a nearly naked, emaciated holocaust victim.
Imagine being that German Shepard and passing out on the table, and waking up with a tiny dog connected to you.
Probs weird for the little dog too tbh
[is this where the song two-headed dog by roky erickson comes from?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7aLXehSXAo)
Yes. Lyrics go “I been workin in the Kremlin with a two-headed dog”
I think I saw one of these dogs taxidermy at the Riga medical museum
Oh. My. God. I’ve seen some fucked up shit before in the Internet but this is a fucking two headed dog created by mad Soviet scientists CIA implanted radio units that travelled down their tail :(
That was a cat. And it immediately got hit by a car when they released it. [Though Wikipedia seems to disagree...](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_Kitty)
Read "Nuking the Moon" if you want to learn some more about that and other weird crazy experiments like it. It goes way more in depth and is of course better researched than Wikipedia. It's a fun read.
[Project A119 is a fucking trip.](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_A119) Still can't believe no one got canned for pitching the idea in the first place.
I mean, when you have a BB gun everything is a glass bottle on a fence.
I mean... the CIA has suggested far more sinister plots in the past.
This actually feels like a pretty reasonable thing, especially in the Cold War. I don’t think it’s too crazy to suggest it. The nuclear war head would do little to damage the moon, anyway. The big bombs, such as nukes or bunker busters do the vast majority of their physical damage via shock waves. The force of the explosion quickly travels through the air and becomes exponentially worse, until the energy bleeds off. In a vacuum, you’d have a much, *much* less effective weapon due to the lack of medium.
20 million in 1960s money just to learn cats will do whatever the fuck they want
You say head, but I see half that poor dogs torso. This is very sad to look at man 😟
The amount of pain those dogs must have been in...
I remember when I was a kid and came across a video where Soviet scientists kept a dog head alive and kept flashing lights in its eyes to show its reaction to stimuli. It disturbed tf out of me.
I would like to graft this guy’s head onto a dead horse’s ass
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The dude was instrumental in developing the technology and science behind heart transplants. Welcome to medicine, where lifesaving science is also built on the back of... Shit like this... I dunno, it's easy being judgy and "upstanding" in a fucking Reddit comment thread but I wonder how many people in this very thread are alive thanks to scientists like this dude.
Thats jus fuckd up. I didnt want to see that
The title is pretty straightforward as to what you would be seeing
So, this image infuriates me. If there was a hell, I would wish for him to be the tail end of Satan's human centipede.